Muslim+Empires+-+Places+and+Events

=__Muslim Empires - Places and Events__= =__Ottoman Empire - Places and Events__:= =__Anatolian Peninsula__=

- This was when a new group of Turks under their leader Osman began to build power. =__Bosporus, Dardanelles and the Sea of Marmara__= - From Peninsula, the Ottomans expanded westward and eventually controlled the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. - Bosporus and Dardanelles are separated by the Sea of Marmara which connects to the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea that leads to the Mediterranean. - The Byzantine Empire had controlled this are for centuries. =__Makkah and Madinah__= - This is when Selim I took control of these holy cities and declared himself to be the new caliph, defender of the faith and successor to Muhammad. =__Constantinople (Istanbul)__= - This is when Mehmet II conquered Constantinople (later renamed Istanbul) after 2 month of fighting against the Byzantine Emperor. =__Vienna and Lepanto__=

- Ottoman forces were defeated at Vienna in 1529. - Spanish destroy Ottoman fleet at Lepanto at 1571. =__Safavid Empire - Places and Events__:= =__Azerbaijan__=

- This was where Safi al-Din had been the leader of a community of Turkish ethnic groups in the early fourteenth century. =__Caspian Sea__:=

- In 1580s, the Ottomans went on the attack. - They placed Azerbaijan under Ottoman rule and controlled the Caspian Sea with their fleet. - This forced the new Safavid shah, Abbas, to sign a peace treaty in which he lost much territory. =**__Tabriz__:**=

- This was where the Ottoman sultan, Selim I, advanced against the Safavids in Persia and won a major battle. - But few years later, Ismail regained Tabriz.

=__Isfahan__:=

- One of the cities of the Safavids. =__Mogul Empire - Places and Events__:= =__Khyber Pass__=

- After Babur seized Kabul in 1504, his forces crossed the Khyber Pass to India thirteen years later. =__Delhi and Agra__=

- With twelve thousand troops against an enemy force nearly ten times that size, Babur captured Delhi and established his power in the plains of North India. - This was where Taj Mahal was built by the emperor Shah Jahan in the mid-seventeenth century. - The emperor built the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. =__Deccan Plateau__=

- This is where Shah Jahan expanded the Mogul Empire through successful campaigns against the city of Samarkand, north of the Hindu Kush. =__Calcutta (Surat) and Chennai (Madras)__=

- These places were the British trading forts which were established in 1650.

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