Muslim Empires - Places and Events

Ottoman Empire - Places and Events:

Anatolian Peninsula


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- This was when a new group of Turks under their leader Osman began to build power.

Bosporus, Dardanelles and the Sea of Marmara

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- From Peninsula, the Ottomans expanded westward and eventually controlled the Bosporus and the Dardanelles.
- Bosporus and Dardanelles are separated by the Sea of Marmara which connects to the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea that leads to the Mediterranean.
- The Byzantine Empire had controlled this are for centuries.

Makkah and Madinah

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- This is when Selim I took control of these holy cities and declared himself to be the new caliph, defender of the faith and successor to Muhammad.

Constantinople (Istanbul)

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- This is when Mehmet II conquered Constantinople (later renamed Istanbul) after 2 month of fighting against the Byzantine Emperor.

Vienna and Lepanto

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- Ottoman forces were defeated at Vienna in 1529.
- Spanish destroy Ottoman fleet at Lepanto at 1571.

Safavid Empire - Places and Events:

Azerbaijan

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- This was where Safi al-Din had been the leader of a community of Turkish ethnic groups in the early fourteenth century.

Caspian Sea:

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- In 1580s, the Ottomans went on the attack.
- They placed Azerbaijan under Ottoman rule and controlled the Caspian Sea with their fleet.
- This forced the new Safavid shah, Abbas, to sign a peace treaty in which he lost much territory.

Tabriz:

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- This was where the Ottoman sultan, Selim I, advanced against the Safavids in Persia and won a major battle.
- But few years later, Ismail regained Tabriz.

Isfahan:

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- One of the cities of the Safavids.

Mogul Empire - Places and Events:

Khyber Pass

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- After Babur seized Kabul in 1504, his forces crossed the Khyber Pass to India thirteen years later.

Delhi and Agra

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- With twelve thousand troops against an enemy force nearly ten times that size, Babur captured Delhi and established his power in the plains of North India.
- This was where Taj Mahal was built by the emperor Shah Jahan in the mid-seventeenth century.
- The emperor built the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

Deccan Plateau

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- This is where Shah Jahan expanded the Mogul Empire through successful campaigns against the city of Samarkand, north of the Hindu Kush.

Calcutta (Surat) and Chennai (Madras)

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- These places were the British trading forts which were established in 1650.